@article{cobian2022,

title = {Wind Effects on Smoldering Behavior of Simulated Wildland Fuels},

author = {Jeanette Cobian-I\~{n}iguez, Franz Richter, Luca Camignani, Christina Liveretou,

Hanyu Xiong, Scott Stephens, Mark Finney, Michael Gollner \& Carlos Fernandez-Pello},

url = {http://firelab.berkeley.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/2022-CST-Wind-Effects-on-Smoldering-Behavior-of-Simulated-Wildland-Fuels.pdf},

doi = {10.1080/00102202.2021.2019239},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-05},

urldate = {2022-01-05},

journal = {Combustion Science and Technology},

volume = {0},

pages = {1-18},

abstract = {The current study presents a series of experiments investigating the smoldering behavior of woody fuel arrays at various porosities under the influence of wind. Wildland fuels are simulated using wooden cribs burned inside a bench scale wind tunnel. Smoldering behavior was characterized using measurements of both mass loss and emissions. Results showed that the mean burning rate increased with wind speed for all cases. In high porosity cases, increases in burning rate between 18% and 54% were observed as wind speed increased. For low porosity cases an increase of about 170% in burning rate was observed between 0.5 and 0.75 m/s. The ratio of CO/CO2 emissions decreased with wind speed. Thus, wind likely served to promote smoldering combustion as indicated by the decrease of CO/CO2 which is a marker of combustion efficiency. A theoretical analysis was conducted to assess the exponential decay behavior in the time-resolved mass loss data. Mass and heat transfer models were applied to assess whether oxygen supply or heat losses can solely explain the observed exponential decay. The analysis showed that neither mass transfer nor heat transfer alone can explain the exponential decay, but likely a combination thereof is needed},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{ji2022autonomous,

title = {Autonomous kinetic modeling of biomass pyrolysis using chemical reaction neural networks},

author = {Weiqi Ji and Franz Richter and Michael J Gollner and Sili Deng},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Combustion and Flame},

volume = {240},

pages = {111992},

publisher = {Elsevier},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{ren2022effect,

title = {Effect of freestream turbulence on the structure of boundary-layer flames},

author = {Xingyu Ren and Xiaoyu Ju and Michael J Gollner},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Combustion and Flame},

volume = {236},

pages = {111750},

publisher = {Elsevier},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{cobian2022wind,

title = {Wind effects on smoldering behavior of simulated wildland fuels},

author = {Jeanette Cobian-I niguez and Franz Richter and Luca Carmignani and Christina Liveretou and Hanyu Xiong and Scott Stephens and Mark Finney and Michael Gollner and Carlos Fernandez-Pello},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Combustion Science and Technology},

pages = {1--18},

publisher = {Taylor \& Francis},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{ju2022flame,

title = {Flame attachment and downstream heating effect of inclined line fires},

author = {Xiaoyu Ju and Xingyu Ren and Evan Sluder and Lizhong Yang and Michael J Gollner},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Combustion and Flame},

volume = {240},

pages = {112004},

publisher = {Elsevier},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{wang2022smoldering,

title = {Smoldering ignition using a concentrated solar irradiation spot},

author = {Siyan Wang and Shaorun Lin and Yanhui Liu and Xinyan Huang and Michael J Gollner},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Fire Safety Journal},

volume = {129},

pages = {103549},

publisher = {Elsevier},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{hariharan2022effects,

title = {Effects of Natural and Forced Entrainment on PM Emissions from Fire Whirls},

author = {Sriram Bharath Hariharan and Hamed Farmahini Farahani and Ali S Rangwala and Elaine S Oran and Michael J Gollner},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Environmental Science \& Technology},

volume = {56},

number = {6},

pages = {3480--3491},

publisher = {American Chemical Society},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{richter2022propensity,

title = {The Propensity of Wooden Crevices to Smoldering Ignition by Firebrands},

author = {Franz Richter and Bryce Bathras and Julia Barbetta Duarte and Michael J Gollner},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Fire Technology},

pages = {1--22},

publisher = {Springer US},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{thomsen2022downward,

title = {Downward Flame Spread Rate Over PMMA Rods Under External Radiant Heating},

author = {Maria Thomsen and Luca Carmignani and Andy Rodriguez and Charles Scudiere and Christina Liveretou and Carlos Fernandez-Pello and Michael Gollner and Sandra Olson and Paul Ferkul},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Fire Technology},

pages = {1--22},

publisher = {Springer US},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{ren2022scaling,

title = {Scaling analysis of downstream heating and flow dynamics of fires over an inclined surface},

author = {Xingyu Ren and Evan T Sluder and Michael V Heck and Torben P Grumstrup and Mark A Finney and Simo A M\"{a}kiharju and Michael J Gollner},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Combustion and Flame},

volume = {242},

pages = {112203},

publisher = {Elsevier},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{miller2022professional,

title = {Professional wildfire mitigation competency: a potential policy gap},

author = {Rebecca K Miller and Franz Richter and Maria Theodori and Michael J Gollner},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {International journal of wildland fire},

volume = {31},

number = {7},

pages = {651--657},

publisher = {CSIRO PUBLISHING},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{carmignani2022effect,

title = {Effect of sub-atmospheric pressure on the characteristics of concurrent/upward flame spread over a thin solid},

author = {Luca Carmignani and Priya Garg and Maria Thomsen and Michael J Gollner and Carlos Fernandez-Pello and David L Urban and Gary A Ruff},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Combustion and Flame},

volume = {245},

pages = {112312},

publisher = {Elsevier},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{thomsen2022determining,

title = {Determining flame temperature by broadband two color pyrometry in a flame spreading over a thin solid in microgravity},

author = {Maria Thomsen and Juan Jose Cruz and Felipe Escudero and Andres Fuentes and Carlos Fernandez-Pello and Michael Gollner and David L Urban and Gary A Ruff},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Proceedings of the Combustion Institute},

publisher = {Elsevier},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{de2022analysis,

title = {Analysis of the thermal exposure and ignition propensity of a lignocellulosic building material subjected to a controlled deposition of glowing firebrands},

author = {Jacques A De Beer and Joseph A Alascio and Stanislav I Stoliarov and Michael J Gollner},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

urldate = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Fire Safety Journal},

pages = {103720},

publisher = {Elsevier},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{eden2022prolonged,

title = {Prolonged smoldering Douglas fir smoke inhalation augments respiratory resistances, stiffens the aorta, and curbs ejection fraction in hypercholesterolemic mice},

author = {Matthew J Eden and Jacqueline Matz and Priya Garg and Mireia Perera Gonzalez and Katherine McElderry and Siyan Wang and Michael J Gollner and Jessica M Oakes and Chiara Bellini},

doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160609},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

urldate = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Science of The Total Environment},

pages = {160609},

publisher = {Elsevier},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Hariharan2021CNF,

title = {Comparison of Particulate Emissions from Liquid-Fueled Pool Fires and Fire Whirls at Dierent Length Scales},

author = {Sriram Bharath Hariharan, Hamed Farmahini Farahani, Ali S.Rangwala, Joseph L. Dowling, Elaine S. O, Michael J. Gollner},

url = {https://escholarship.org/content/qt5g22t2pb/qt5g22t2pb_noSplash_b91b18b1b2cb87f247b1b4e1e930078d.pdf?t=qq3u8i

},

doi = {10.1016/j.combustflame.2020.12.033},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-05-01},

journal = {Combustion and Flame},

volume = {227},

pages = {483-496},

abstract = {In-situ burning (ISB) is one of the most effective means of removing oil spilled over open water. While current ISB practices can eliminate a large fraction of the spilled oil, they still result in significant airborne emissions of particulate matter. ISBs are classified as large, free-buoyant pool fires, from which black smoke consisting of particulate matter (PM, soot) emanates as a plume. An experimental investigation of soot emissions from pool fires (PF) and fire whirls (FW) was conducted using liquid hydrocarbon fuels, n-heptane and Alaska North Slope (ANS) crude oil, in fuel pools 

 cm in diameter. Burning attributes such as burning rate, fuel-consumption efficiency, and emissions of PM, unburned hydrocarbons, carbon dioxide, and oxygen consumption were measured. For both fuels and all pool diameters, compared to PFs, FWs consumed fuel at a higher rate, had lower post-combustion residual mass and PM emission rates. Collectively, these resulted in consistently lower PM emission factors (EF) for FWs at all scales. For FWs, EF decreased linearly with a nondimensional quantity defined as the ratio of inverse Rossby number to nondimensional heat-release rate. These results show that the addition of ambient circulation to free-burning PFs to form FWs can increase burning efficiency, reducing both burning duration and EF across length scales. The reduction in EF with increasing influence of circulation is attributed to a feedback loop of higher temperatures, heat feedback, burning rate and air-entrainment velocity, which in turn contributes to maintaining the structure of a FW. Boilover was observed for fires formed with ANS crude oil at the 70 cm scale, although the overall EF was not affected significantly. This investigation presents a foundation to evaluate the detailed mechanisms further, such that appropriate configurations can be developed help minimize the environmental impact of ISBs.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{hadi2021,

title = {A Methodology for Experimental Quantification of Firebrand Generation from WUI Fuels},

author = {Mohammadhadi Hajilou, Steven Hu, Thomas Roche, Priya Garg \& Michael J. Gollner},

url = {http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10694-021-01119-9

},

doi = {10.1007/s10694-021-01119-9},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-04-22},

journal = {Fire Technology},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{salehizadehfirebrand2021,

title = {Critical Ignition Conditions of Wood by Cylindrical Firebrands},

author = {Hamed Salehizadeh, Raquel S. P. Hakes and Michael J. Gollner},

url = {https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmech.2021.630324/full?\&utm_source=Email_to_authors_\&utm_medium=Email\&utm_content=T1_11.5e1_author\&utm_campaign=Email_publication\&field=\&journalName=Frontiers_in_Mechanical_Engineering\&id=630324},

doi = {10.3389/fmech.2021.630324},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-03-16},

journal = {Frontiers in Mechanical Engineering},

volume = {16},

abstract = {This study investigated the thermal conditions preceding ignition of three dense woody fuels often found on structures by firebrands, a major cause of home ignition during wildland-urban interface (WUI) fires. Piles of smoldering cylindrical firebrands, fabricated from wooden dowels, were deposited either on a flat inert surface instrumented with temperature and heat flux sensors or on a target fuel (marine-grade plywood, oriented-strand board, or cedar shingles) to investigate critical conditions at ignition. The former provided thermal data to characterize the time before and at ignition, while the latter provided smoldering and flaming ignition times. Tests were conducted in a small-scale wind tunnel. Larger firebrand piles produced higher temperatures at the center of the pile, thought to be due to re-radiation within the pile. Ignition was found to be dependent on target fuel density; flaming ignition was additionally found to be dependent on wind speed. Higher wind speeds increased the rate of oxidation and led to higher temperatures and heat fluxes measured on the test surface. The heat flux at ignition was determined by combining results of inert and ignition tests, showing that ignition occurred while transient heating from the firebrand pile was increasing. Ultimately, critical ignition conditions from firebrand pile exposure are needed to design appropriate fire safety standards and WUI fire modeling.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}